Copying

Only positive inserts with a built-in flank clearance of 7° are suitable for internal copying.

As large an entering angle as possible will give the best working conditions for the bar, If possible, this should always be more than 45°.

The maximum incopying angle is determined by the entering angle and the insert point angle. The absolute minimum clearance angle between the trailing edge and the machined surface is 3°, but to ensure acceptable surface finish and tool-life it should be more than 7°.

Maximum incopying depth (d) is determined by the clearance between insert tip and inside of bar shank. This will be less than f-dimension minus Bardia/2.

When outcopying to a smaller diameter, you should be aware that the cutting edge engagement will be longer than radial depth of cut. Do not overload.


Some standard adapters, with standard cutting heads for copying are shown below.

	Frontboring head, with 93° entering angle and 55° insert point angle. Normal working area between 25° incopying and 86° outcopying. Bottomhole endfacing requires a separate operation, (see separate page).
	Neutral head, with 27.5° entering angle and 55° insert point angle. Working area between 55.5° incopying, and 55.5° outcopying.
	Backboring head, with 93° entering angle and 55° insert point angle. Recommended working area between 25° incopying and 86° outcopying. Backfacing requires a separate operation, (see separate page).